Fighting is about winning or loosing. Fighting results in resentment or revenge. Fighting is war. We shoot down ideas. We attack oppositional positions.
Arguing, when done right, is about listening to an oppositional position with willingness to change and work towards a productive solution. Argument is a collaborative dance between mutually interested parties. Arguments (should) enhance understanding.
Takeaway — Fighting is about winning but arguing is about winning someone over.
.